Notes on Symmetry, Design and Tessellations | Grade 7 > Compulsory Maths > Symmetry, Design and Tesselation | KULLABS.COM

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The dotted line which is the half part of each shape to one side of a dotted line is the mirror image of the other parts is called the line of symmetry . In another word, it is also called the axis of symmetry , so the figure is said to have bilateral symmetry or to be symmetrical by reflection in the dotted line and a line of symmetry shape can be turned so as it exactly into its outline.

Rotational symmetry

When a shape can be mapped onto itself by a rotation of less than a complete turn (360o) about a point the shape is said to have a rotational symmetry .

Order of rotational symmetry

When the shape is rotated through a half -turn it can be fitted to the original shape . It means , when it is rotated through 2 times half-turns , it reaches its original position .

$$\therefore$$ It has rotational symmetry of order 2.

When the equilateral triangle is rotated through a $$\frac{1}{3}$$ of turn 120o, it can fit over the original shape. When it is rotated through3 times $$\frac{1}{3}$$ and then it will reach its original place.

$$\therefore$$ It has rotational symmetry of order 3.

When the square is rotated through quarter-turn $$\frac{1}{4}$$of the turn 90o. Which can be fitted over the original shape . It means when it is rotated through 4time $$\frac{1}{4}$$of turn , it reaches its original position .

$$\therefore$$ It has rotational symmetry of order 4.

Tessellation

A tessellation is known as tiling . It is covering of the plane with congruent geometrical shape un which a repeating pattern without leaving any gaps and without overlapping each other.The shape is polygons in it . It may be an equilateral triangle , regular hexagon or square . To make a tessellation :

• We should not leave any gaps.
• We should not have any overlaps.
• We should use the sets of congruent figures .

Types of tessellation

• Irregular tessellation : In this case , we use irregular types of polygons.
• Semi-regular tessellations:In this case , we use two or more regular polygons . In the adjoining tessellation , regular octagons and squares are used .
• Regular tesselation : In this case, we use the same types of regular polygons . The polygons that we use may be equilateral triangle, regular hexagon etc.

• When the shape is rotated through a half -turn it can be fitted to the original shape .
• To make a tessellation we should use the sets of congruent figures .
• A tessellation is known as tiling .
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design
symmetry
graph
tessellation

tiling
covering
polygons
gaps
• ### When a shape can be mapped into itself by a rotation of less than a complete turn around a point, the shape is said to be ______ .

axis of symmetry
line of symmetry
rotational symmetry
bilateral symmetry

overlaps
order
joint
color

door
carpet
cupboard
window

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