Sandy loam, Salty loam kind of soil is found in the mountain region. Alluvial soil & Sandy loam type of soil is found in the hilly region.15% percent of the land is occupied by mountain region. The main source of food elements is land and forest. 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 0.003% Carbon denied, 0.93% Argon and 0.04% other gases are the gases found in the air. We can categorize water in three (Rainwater, surface water and land water) categories. Air means Colorless, odorless and mixture of gases, land, forest, water of animals is Habitat. The world ecology was coined in 1866 A.D. earnest Hackel was the first person to use word ecology.

Plant Group	World	Nepal	Nepal (%)
Gymnosperm	529	28	5.2
Angiosperm	22,000	5856	2.7
Mosses	-	-	-
Lichen	2,000	465	2,325
Algae	26,000	687	2.6
Fungi	69,000	1822	2.6

Plant Group	World	Nepal	Nepal (%)
Mammals	4,000	181	4.5
Aves	9,040	852	9.63
Reptiles	6,300	100	1.6
Amphibian	4,184	43	1.0
Fish	18,150	182	1.1
Butterfly	24,615	640	2.6
Spider	73,400	144	0.2

Sustainable Development:

• When was Brundtland Commission established?

Ans: 1983 A.D

• On whose chairmanship the General Assembly of United Nation suggest on environment development & world cooperation?

Ans: Prime minister of Norway G.H. Brundtland

• What was the name of the report published by the commission?

Ans: Our Common Future

• What can we call sustainable development?

Ans: Retaining development and bearable development

• How should we explain sustainable development?

Ans: Use of present resources should not degrade the real income of future

• What are the main aims of sustainable development?

Ans: Balance among population, various resources, various aspects of environment and development

• When was sustainable development summit held in South Africa?

Ans: 2002 A.D

• From which planning environment & sustainable development, management started in Nepal?

Ans: Sixth Plan

• What is the main objective of sustainable development?

Ans: To preserve earth

• What is the importance of sustainable development?

Ans:

Proper use of resources

Aspect of development

Long term vision

Public participation

Accountability or responsibility

Limit of development

• What are the principles of sustainable development?

Ans:

Conservation of ecosystem

Conservation of biodiversity

Conservation of cultural heritage

Control of population growth

Development of sustainable society

Development of human resources

Increase of public participation

Limit of carrying capacity

Climate Change

• When is the international save ozone layer day celebrated?

Ans: Every year September 16

• When is the Sagarmatha day celebrated?

Ans: May 29

• What is mean by absolute conservation?

Ans: To conserve natural resources as it is

• List the main countries which play a vital role in climate change.

Ans: China, America, Russia, Britain, Japan, France, Germany, Italy, Indonesia, South Korea, North Korea, Malaysia, Taiwan

• Which country uses most fuel?

Ans: China

• When was under water conference held on Maldives in climate change and increasing sea level?

Ans: 24th October 2010 A.D

• When was historic cabinet meeting held in Kalapatthar about climate change?

Ans: 19th Mangsir, 2066 B.S (4th December 2009)

• At what height was the meeting held?

Ans: 18,192 Ft. above sea level

• When was blackout day celebrated by WWF?

Ans: March 2010 A.D

• When was the Green House effect found?

Ans: 1824 A.D

Environment Management

• What is mean by Environment?

Ans: Surroundings which include: Physical, Chemical, Biological, Cultural and Social conditions of nature

• When was environment conservation council established?

Ans: 250

• Who remains the chairman of environment conservation?

Ans: Prime minister

• Who remains the vice chairman of environment conservation?

Ans: Environment Minister

• When was the Environment Conservation Act amended?

Ans: 2053 B.S

• When was the Environment Protection Regulation amended?

Ans: 2054 B.S

• When was the United Nation Environment Program (UNEP) established?

Ans: 15th December, 1972 A.D

• How many departments are there in Environment Ministry?

Ans: Water and weather department

• Which prize is known as the noble prize of environment?

Ans: Goldman Prize

• Who was the first Nepali to get a Global 500 prize?

Ans: Dr. Krishna Kumar Pandey

• In which article of Nepal, constitution environment conservation policy is managed?

Ans: Article 35(5)

• When was the waste management Act amended?

Ans: 2066 B.S

• When was the waste management Act started to implement?

Ans: 2067 B.S

• From which planning, environment conservation plan started?

Ans: From sixth planning

• How many person get gold man prize each year?

Ans: 6 persons from 6 continents

• What is the amount of Gold man prize?

Ans: 75 thousand US$

• When do we celebrate the world environment day?

Ans: 5th June

• Which bird is known as the sweeper?

Ans: Vulture

• When was Environment Conservation Association established?

Ans: 2050 B.S

• What is the full form of CTBT?

Ans: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

• When was first international environment conference held?

Ans: 1972 A.D (Sweden, Stockhome)

• What was the first slogan of the first environment day?

Ans: Only one earth