Water Resources of Nepal and its Uses

Water Resources of Nepal and its Uses

Nepal is rich in natural resources and it is second richest having highly potential in term of water resources .There are more than 6000 riversand rivulets including big and small .The economic development of the country depends on how water has been utilized .Rivers are the main sources of electricity . There are mainly two types of water resources. They are:

1. Surface water resources
2. Underground water resources

The source of water on the surface is called surface water resources like the river, rainfall, pond, etc. The water resources which implies underground sources like well, tube well, piped water under the ground. There are more than thousand of a river which is more than 11km length .The theoretical hydroelectric potentiality is 83,000 MW but 42 thousand MW electricity can be generated from technical and economic perspective. Nepal rivers hold a high promise of energy that very few places in the world can match.According to the flow of water reservation and usefulness, the rivers of Nepal have been divided into three group they are as followed :

1. 
   First Grade River: The river which originates from the Himalayas and flows with the high volume of water is called the first-grade river. such river is perennial and permanent. Such a rivers like Koshi , Karnali, Gandaki etc . These types of a river are useful for generation of electricity and irrigation in large number.
2. Second Grade River: The river which is originated from Mahabharat range they are called second-grade river. The volume of water depends on upon the different season like during rainy season it is more and quite less in another season. A river like Machi, Rapti, Bagmati ,Babai etc is the example of the second-grade river.
3. Third Grade River: The river like Mohana, Danduwa, Tilobe, etc are some example of third-grade rivers .These type of river are originated from charu ranges which are the south parts of These rivers can be used to establish for micro electricity projects and drinking projects .

Use of Rivers , Disasters caused by water and their Management

As we know that water is used for various purposes. It is also used for generating electricity. There is about 30 hydroelectricity on an operation. Out of them Kali –Gandaki Hydroelectricity projects produces the highest MW electricity i.e.144 MW in Nepal. The first hydro – electricities project of Nepal is Pharpiing Hydro Electricity. During the Rana rule tow, hydro – electricity has been launched . They are Pharping and Sundarijal . To improve the government of Nepal should come up with the huge mega mission for the production of electricity promotes. When there will be an establishment of industries which ultimately ensures economic advancement.

Water is also used for irrigation. As we know that Nepal is agriculture country there should be proper management of irrigation facility. Our history says that during Rana rule the rana has made Royal Kulas in Kathmandu valley which used to help for irrigation .Triyuga ,Manusmara, and Chandra canals were constructed during Rana rule for irrigation.

If there will be well managed or the good use of water and the water resources then it will not take the longer time to develop the country . It seems a dire need of mega planning and their implementation for survival and financial prosperity from the government side .