Register Login

Sense of Sight: The Eye

Subject: Science

Find Your Query

Overview

The organs which make us aware about the surroundings are called sense organs. The sense organs are eyes, skin, nose, ear and tongue. Sensation is received by sense organs and is change into electrical signals called impulse. This note gives us the information about sense organs, eye, working of human eye along with pictures.
Sense of Sight: The Eye

The organs which make us aware about the surroundings are called sense organs. The sense organs are eyes, skin, nose, ear and tongue. The sensation is received by sense organs and is change into electrical signals called impulse. The impulse is carried to the brain by nerves.

The sense of sight the eyes

The eyes are the most important sense organs which give us the sensation of sight. Eyebrows are hairy which protect the eyes from sweat, dust etc. Eyelids are movable, which have eyelashes and blink at regular intervals. The eyes are provided with photoreceptor cell which receives the visible light. The eyeball consists of 3 coats: outer, middle and inner coats.

Outer coat

Outer coat provides mechanical protection and shape to the eyes. It is formed of 2 unequal parts, posterior part sclera and anterior part cornea. The sclera is also called large part which is supplied with connective tissue. It maintains the shape of the eyeball and protects the inner layers of the eye. The cornea is small, thin, transparent bulging circular structure without blood vessels. It is externally covered by conjunctiva. It protects the cornea from dust and insects. The cornea is also known as the window of the eye.

Middle coat

The middle coat of the eye is formed of three parts. They are choroid, ciliary body, and iris. The choroid is thin, pigmented and dark brown in colour that lies below sclera. It darkens the eye ball and provides nutrition to the retina. The ciliary body is thick and circular muscles help in accommodation of the eye. Iris is the thin and muscular disc. The centre part of the iris is called pupil which regulates the amount of light that enters the eye. The iris regulates the size of the pupil. When we see a bright light, the size of the pupil become small and when we see dim light the size of the pupil becomes large.

Inner coat

The inner coat of the eyeball is retina where an image is formed. The optical part is thick, pigmented and provide with many layers of nerve fibres called photoreceptor cells. There are two photoreceptor cells: rods and cones. The rods are sensitive to dim light and containvisual purple pigment called rhodopsin that is formed of vitamin 'A'. Deficiency of vitamin 'A' causes night blindness. The cones are sensitive to bright light and contain idiopsin . It is also formed of vitamin 'A'. When there is a deficiency of vitamin 'A' in cone cells, it causes colour blindness.
The main part of the inner coat is retina. The retina is provided with blind spot and yellow spot. Blind spot has fewer rods and cones. The yellow spot is also called fovea. It contains only cone cells. In the yellow spot, the sharpest image is formed and in the blind spot, invisible image is formed.

Lens

The lens of a human eye is crystalline solid, flexible and transparent. It is suspended in the eye cavity by suspensory ligaments. The suspensory ligaments grip the lens and ciliary muscles at its bases and adjust the suitable focal length of the lens. The lens separates the eye in two chambers:aqueous chamber and vitreous chamber. The aqueous chamber is a smaller chamber between cornea and lens which is filled with aqueous humor. It nourishes the lens and refracts rays to focus on the retina. Vitreous chamber is larger chamber between lens and retina that is filled with vitreous humour. It supports retina and lens, refracts light and gives shape to eyeball.

Working of human eye

The rays of light coming from an object pass through the conjunctiva, cornea, aqueous humour, pupil, lens, Vitreous humour and then fall on the retina. The light sensitive cone and rod cells of retina get activated. Then, these cells generate impulses which are sent to the brain through the optic nerves. The image formed on the retina is real, inverted and diminished. The brain translates this inverted image into erect one in the proper size of the object.

Care and protection of the eyes

  • We should not read or do fine work in the dim light.
  • We should eat vitamin-A rich foods like yellow fruits, green vegetables, milk etc.
  • We should wash our eyes by using clean water before going to bed and after getting up.
  • We should not remove our eyelashes and eyebrows.
  • We should not rub our eyes.
Things to remember
  • The organs which make us aware about the surroundings are called sense organs.
  • The sense organs are eyes, skin, nose, ear and tongue.
  • Sensation is received by sense organs and is change into electrical signals called impulse.
  • The eyeball consists of 3 coats: outer, middle and inner coats.
  • The lens of human eye is crystalline solid, flexible and transparent.
  • It includes every relationship which established among the people.
  • There can be more than one community in a society. Community smaller than society.
  • It is a network of social relationships which cannot see or touched.
  • common interests and common objectives are not necessary for society.
Videos for Sense of Sight: The Eye
Eye Anatomy Explained
The evolution of the human eye
The Human Eye
Questions and Answers
Blind spot is the place in retina which does not contain any nerve cells. So, if the refracted rays through lens even meet at it, it cannot transfer any stimuli to the brain and hence is devoid of vision.
When we were staying in the sunlight the size of our pupil had been reduced to allow entering only a small amount light. As we enter inside a dark room, the pupil takes some time to accommodate to a large size. Hence, we cannot see anything for some time.
Type of receptor Types of stimulus
a) Photoreceptor a) Electromagnetic
b) Mechanoreceptor b) Mechanical
c) Thermo receptor c) Thermal
The organs that perceive the senses are called sense organs. They are also called sensory receptor. For example: tongue, eye, ear, skin.
Night blindness: Night blindness is the disorder in which a person cannot see objects clearly in dim light. It occurs due to deficiency of vitamin-A.
Colour blindness: Colour blindness is a genetic disorder in which a person by birth cannot distinguish between certain colors like green and red.
Sense organs act as receptors which help to send the stimulation from environment to brain through nerve fibers. Sense organs help all organisms to be aware of changing environment and there by protect themselves. So, sense organs are very necessary for organisms.
The eyes are cared by following ways:
i) We should wash our eyes with clean water regularly.
ii) We should not give more stress to our eyes by reading and doing fine works in the dim light.
iii) We should not watch television from a nearer distance.
iv) We should not rub our eyes and use the infected towel or handkerchief.
v) In case of eye infection, we should consult doctors and use only the medicine prescribed by them.
vi) We should eat plenty of vitamins-A enriched foods like fruits, vegetables, milk, fish, egg etc.
The eyes are protected by the following ways:
i) Eyes are placed safely inside the cavities of skull.
ii) The eye lids cover and protect the eyes from strong light, dust and sweat.
iii) The tear secreted by the tear glands prevent the eyes from drying up and removes the dirt from the eyes.
a) Aqueous humor: In between the cornea and lens is filled with thin liquid substance called aqueous humor. This liquid helps cornea in making front part little bit curve.
b) Vitreous humor: Behind the lens is an empty space filled with thick jelly like substance called vitreous humor. It helps eyes to make round in shape.
c) Iris: Iris is thin and muscular disc. It is dark brown in a colour which hangs in the eye ball just in front of the lens. Pupil of iris regulates the amount of light that enters the eyes.
d) Ciliary muscle: The ciliary muscle controls the center of curvature of the lens of the eye.
Colour is not seen distinctly in moonlight because rods are sensitive to dim light to these help in twilight vision during night. Rods contain a pigment rhodopsin which is readily bleached light into a protein which depolarizes the rod cell. The rhodopsin is rapidly regenerated in dim light. So, colour is not seen distinctly in moon light.
Quiz

© 2019-20 Kullabs. All Rights Reserved.