Climate change refers to the rapid and unnatural change in climate caused by unchecked human activities.

Climate change is connected with global warming as global warming causes climates to change. Even though, a warming trend is global, different areas around the world experience different specific changes in their climates, which have impacts on their local plants, animals and people.

The atmosphere can be compared to the walls of the greenhouse as the walls of a greenhouse, the atmosphere lets in the solar light and absorbs the outgoing heat and keeps the atmosphere heated.

The major effects of climate change are:

• Heatwaves, heavy downpours, and sea level rise pose growing challenges
• Change in timing of stream flow reduces water supplies
• Sea level rise, erosion, inundation, risks to infrastructure and increasing ocean acidity
• Extreme heat affects health, energy, agriculture and more
• Decreased water availability will have economic and environmental impacts
• Extinction of animals and species.

The effects of climate change already felt in Nepal are drought, forest fires and flooding. In Nepal, changes in monsoon pattern have greatly exacerbated the situation of the unacceptable presence of poverty and inequalities of opportunities in the county.

To control the climate change following steps should be done:

• Green your community
• Be energy efficient
• Infrastructure upgrade
• Consume less
• Stop deforestation
• Pollution control
• Expand forest areas

• Controlling pollution
• Conducting awareness problems to control climate change
• Reduction of greenhouses
• Energy conversation
• Using renewable resources
• Making environment greener
• Stopping deforestation

The climate in the average climate of the earth or its parts due to the fluctuation in temperature of the atmosphere, the flow of wind and rainfall is known as climate change. It is changed in following way:
The atmosphere of the earth is made up of gas like nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc. Among them, some gases have more heat observing and storing capacity while others have less capacity. So, the change in the amount of results the change in temperature of the atmosphere. Static reveal that carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, methane gases are increasing in the atmosphere. These gases obstruct the way of the returning of the heat to the space. They absorb the heat or return it to earth, which causes the received heat to be more in amount than the returned heat i.e. radioactive rays. From this temperature of the atmosphere of the earth is increasing. So, the gases that effect in exchange of rays and causes climate change.

The factors are:

• Earth-sun geometry: The earth revolves around the sun in its own orbit. The orbit of the earth is not totally round. It is elliptical. Due to this reason, it is hot when the sun is near the earth and vice-versa. Hence, it influences the climate change.
• Solar output: Sun is the major source of heat and light in the earth. All the other sources of heat and light are derived from the sun as a secondary source. Therefore, the climate of the earth depend upon the radiation of the sun or the solar output.
• Atmosphere/ocean heat exchange: due to the heat of the sun, atmosphere/ocean get heated, it changed into vapor and move from one place to another with atmospheric pressure. This water vapor drops down as rain and other forms of water at a suitable condition. In this way, atmosphere/ocean heated exchange influence the change in the climate.
• Volcanic emission: The volcano is an explosion of molten masses and gases from the core of the earth. This molten masses and gases also influence the change in the climate.
• Continent drift: Slow movement of the continent toward and away from each other during the history of the earth also helps to change the climate of the earth.