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Distribution of Population in Nepal

Subject: Social Studies and Population Education

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The arrangement or spread of people living in a given area; also how the population of an area is arranged according to variables such as age, sex, race, etc. is called distribution of population. This note has information about the distribution of population in Nepal.
Distribution of Population in Nepal

The arrangement or spread of people living in a given area; also how the population of an area is arranged according to variables such as age, sex, race, etc. is called distribution of the population. Physical areas, development areas, zones, districts including urban and rural areas are the basis for the distribution of the population. The number of municipalities is increasing nowadays. People are migrating from rural to urban areas or municipality areas nowadays. The distribution of population in rural and urban areas is presented below: -

Population distribution in rural and urban areas (in percent)

Years Rural areas Urban areas Himalayan Hill Terai
2048 90.49 9.51 7.8 45.5 46.7
2058 85.8 14.2 7.3 44.4 48.4
2068 82.93 17.07 6.73 43.0 50.27

Source: Central Bureau of Statistics

The population of urban areas of Nepal is increasing rapidly in comparison to rural areas. This shows that the people are migrating towards urban areas. After the increment in number of the municipality, the population of rural areas is decreasing and the population of urban areas is increasing.

There are five development regions in Nepal. The population distribution in accordance with the development regions is presented below in a table: -

Population distribution on the basis of development regions

Development Regions (DR)

Population (in percent)
Years → 2028 2038 2048 2058 2068
Eastern Development Region 24.21 24.69 24.0 23.08 21.93
Central Development Region 33.45 32.68 33.5 34.69 36.45
Western Development Region 21.17 20.83 20.4 19.74 18.60
Mid- Western Development Region 12.88 13.02 13.0 13.01 13.39
Far- Western Development Region 8.29 8.72 9.1 9.47 9.63

Source: Ministry of Health and Population 2068 and CBS, 2069

Among all the development regions, Central Development Region has the highest population. According to the statistics of 2068 BS, the total population of this development region is 96,56,985. This has represented 36.45% of all population of Nepal. Eastern Development Region is in second number. Far-Western Development Region has the lowest population of all. Western, Mid-Western and Far- Western Development Regions have 18.6%, 13,39% and 9.63% of the population of Nepal respectively. After 2028 BS, we can find that the population of Central and Far- Western Development Region are increasing rapidly whereas the population of Eastern and Western Development Regions are decreasing.

Things to remember
  • The arrangement or spread of people living in a given area; also how the population of an area is arranged according to variables such as age, sex, race, etc. is called distribution of population.
  • There are five development regions in Nepal.
  • The population of urban areas of Nepal is increasing rapidly in comparison to rural areas.
  • People are migrating from rural to urban areas or municipality areas nowadays.
  • It includes every relationship which established among the people.
  • There can be more than one community in a society. Community smaller than society.
  • It is a network of social relationships which cannot see or touched.
  • common interests and common objectives are not necessary for society.
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Questions and Answers

The total number of the people living in a certain place at a certain time is called population.

The arrangement of the population of a certain country over its various geographical areas and political units is known as population distribution.

The distribution of the population is influenced by various reason. They are enlisted below:

  • Service and facilities are not distributed in all part of the country.
  • Life is not equally convenient in all part of the country due to the structure of the land.
  • The mountainous region has extreme cold climate and Terai is hot.
  • Agricultural production is high in Terai.
  • Town areas are more secure than the village.

In Nepal, there are two types of population distribution. One of them is regional distribution. There are five development regions in Nepal. Among them, the central development region has captured one-third population and eastern has covered one-fifth population whereas western and mid. Western development region has less population in comparison with other development regions.
(Table: Population distributed of Nepal -2001)

Region Population (%)
1 Eastern 23.0
2. Central 35.0
3. Western 20.0
4. Mid-Western 13.0
5. Far-Western 9.0


Another distribution is the ecological distribution of the population. Under this distribution, the population has splitted into three parts. One is Terai which receives near about half of total population and mountain has less than one-tenth of the total population. Hill region and mountain region are losing percentage from the previous census.

Zone Population
Mountain 7.0
Hill 44.0
Terai 48.0
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