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Flower

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Overview

The majority of the plants that we see around us, bear flowers and reproduce by seeds. Hence, they are called flowering plants. This note provides us an information on parts of the flower.
Flower

Plants grow all around us. They are seen around our homes, schools, on the roadsides and fields. The majority of the plants that we see around us, bear flowers and reproduce by seeds. Hence, they are called flowering plants. These plants show great diversity in shape, size, habitat and structure. These plants are reproduced from their seeds. The parts of a flowering plant is given below:

  1. Calyx: It is the outermost whorl. Each member of the whorl is called sepal. They are mostly green in color. Calyx protects the flower when it is still a bud and helps in the photosynthesis process.
  2. Corolla: It is the next inner whorl of the flower. Each member of this whorl is called petal. Corolla has bright colors. In some flower, corolla has a kind of glands which secrete sweet juice. Rose flower has the sweet smell. Corolla attracts insects that help in pollination.
  3. Androecium: It is the third inner whorl of the flower, it is male reproductive whorl. Each member of this whorl is called stamen. Each stamen has upper lobe like anther and slender stalk called filament. Anther possesses numerous pollen grains which are male gametes. The anther has lobed sac which contains a mass of powder or dust grains called pollen grains. Each pollen grain has two sex cells which take part in reproduction.
  4. Gynoecium: This is the fourth inner whorl and is the female part of the flower. It is the single tube like swollen at its base and is made up of two carpels (female reproductive organs) fused together. It consists of 3 parts- stigma, style, and ovary. The short neck like part is called the style and longer wider lowermost part is called the ovary. The ovary has two chambers, each containing a number of ovules, the female reproductive unit.Each ovule has a special cell called female sex cell (egg cell or ovum) which takes part in reproduction.

Flower containing calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium is called complete and those lacking any one or more such part is called incomplete flower.

Difference between sepal and petals

S.N Sepal Petal
1. It is the green colored flower. It is the brightly colored structure next to sepal.

2.

A group of the sepal is called calyx.

 A group of petal is called corolla.
3.

It helps in protection of flower in bud stage.

 It helps in pollination by attracting insects.
Differences between stamen and carpel
S.N Stamen Carpel
1. It is the male part of the flower.It is the female part of the flower. It is the female part of the flower.
2. It consists of three parts (a) filament (b) anther lobes (c) connective. It consists of three parts (a) stigma (b) style (c) ovary.
3. It produces grains. It receives pollen grain, produces fruit and seeds.

Things to remember
  • The majority of the plants that we see around us, bear flowers and reproduce by seeds. Hence, they are called flowering plants. 
  •  Calyx protects the flower when it is still a bud and helps in the photosynthesis process.
  • Corolla attracts insects that help in pollination.
  • The anther has a lobed sac which contains a mass of powdery or dust grains called pollen grains.
  • The ovary has two chambers, each containing a number of ovules, the female reproductive unit.
  • Flower containing calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium is called complete and those lacking any one or more such part is called incomplete flower.
  • It includes every relationship which established among the people.
  • There can be more than one community in a society. Community smaller than society.
  • It is a network of social relationships which cannot see or touched.
  • common interests and common objectives are not necessary for society.
Questions and Answers

An androecium is called the male reproductive organ of flower because it produces male reproductive cell called pollen grain.

Those flowers which have only stamen are called staminate flower. It doesn’t contain pistil. It is also called male reproductive flower. Similarly, those flower which have only pistil are called pistillate flower. It doesn’t contain stamen it is also called female reproductive flower.

Those plants which bear flowers and reproduce by seeds are called flowering plants.
The first and outermost whorl of the flower is called calyx.
Calyx protects flower in its bud stage and also helps in its photosynthesis process.

The gynoecium consists of three parts. They are stigma, style and ovary.

Corolla attracts insects that help in pollination.

The difference between sepal and petal are:

S.N Sepal Petal
1. It is the green colored flower. It is the brightly colored structure next to the sepal.
2. A group of the sepals are called calyx. A group of petals are called corolla.
3. It helps to protect flower in bud stage and also helps in photosynthesis. It helps to attract insects and thus helps in pollination.

The difference between stamen and carpel are:

S.N Stamen Carpel
1. It is the male part of the flower.It is the female part of the flower. It is the female part of the flower.
2. It consists of three parts (a) filament (b) anther lobes (c) connective. It consists of three parts (a) stigma (b) style (c) ovary.
3. It produces grains. It receives pollen grain, produces fruit and seeds.

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