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Respiratory System and Circulatory System

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Overview

Respiration is the process of release of energy from the food we take. It is the breakdown of absorbed food with the help of oxygen. This note has information about respiratory and circulatory system of human body.
Respiratory System and Circulatory System

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Respiratory System

Respiration is the process of releasing energy from the food we take. The respiratory system consists of the nostrils, larynx, pharynx, bronchi, tracheae and lungs. Respiration is the breakdown of absorbed food with the help of oxygen. During this process, carbon dioxide, water and a lot of energy are produced. This energy is made available to the cells of the body.

The necessary steps to be taken to keep our lungs healthy are:

  1. Avoid smoking.
  2. Take fresh food.
  3. Avoid taking drugs.
  4. Control air pollution.

Circulatory system

The circulatory system is responsible for transportation of nutrients obtained from the food we ingest. It is also responsible for carrying life supportive oxygen to all our cells for the oxidation of food and release of energy required for smooth functioning of our body. Circulatory System consists of the following parts:

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  1. Blood
  2. Heart
  3. Blood Vessels

Blood

Blood is a fluid connective tissue which is red in colour, alkaline in nature and salty in taste. A human adult under normal condition has 4.7 to 5 liters of blood. Blood consists of 45 % of blood cells and 55% of plasma. Blood circulates continuously in every part of the body. Blood comprises Plasma, Red Blood Cells (RBC), White Blood Cells(WBC), and platelets. Blood cells can flow easily through blood vessels because they are a minute.

Heart

The human heart is a cone shaped muscular organ formed by cardiac muscular organ formed by cardiac muscles. Its size is similar to that of a closed fist and weighs about 350 grams. The heart is surrounded by a tough membrane called Pericardium. Our heart has four chambers: two auricles and two ventricles. The right auricle and the right ventricle are connected by tricuspid valves. The left auricle and left ventricle are connected by Bicuspid or Mitral valve.

Blood Vessels

Our body has three types of blood vessels. They are:

  1. Arteries
  2. Veins
  3. Capillaries

Function of Artery, Capillaries and Vein

  1. Artery: Arteries carries the oxygenated blood to the different parts of the body, organs and tissues. Except the pulmonary artery, all the other arteries carry oxygenated and pure blood.
  2. Capillaries: Arteries further branch out to form small arterioles. These arterioles further branch to form a fine network of blood vessels known as capillaries. Its function is to interconnect the arteriole and venule.
  3. Vein: It's function is to transport blood from different parts and organs of the body to the heart. All veins except the pulmonary vein contain deoxygenated blood.

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Blood Circulation in human body

Blood Circulation in our body

The heart is the only organ that pumps blood all over our body. The oxygenated blood pumped out from the left ventricle is carried by aorta which branches into smaller arteries that carry blood to different organs and tissues. These small arteries are further divided into arterioles and capillaries. The capillaries supply blood to all the tissues and organs. The oxygen content of the blood is used up by the cells for respiration. The de-oxygenated blood makes way towards the heart via venules which then unite to form veins. They carry blood back to the right auricle through superior and inferior venacava. Superior Venacava brings impure blood to right auricle from the brain, heart or the upper part of the body and the inferior part of the body brings impure blood to the right auricle from the lower part of the body. As soon as the right auricle is filled with impure blood, the tricuspid valve in between opens. So, the blood moves into the right ventricle. The tricuspid valve closes once the right ventricle is filled with blood. The blood is then pumped towards the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery is divided into left and right branches that are joined to the lungs. Through these, blood reaches the alveoli and carbon dioxide passes into the alveoli from the capillaries. This way the process of carrying out carbon dioxide and taking in oxygen into the blood takes place continuously.

Things to remember
  • Respiratory is the process of release of energy from the food we take.
  • The respiratory system consists of the nostrils, larynx, pharynx, bronchi, trachea, and lungs.
  • During this process, carbon dioxide and water are released as water and a lot of energy is produced. This energy is made available to the cells of the body.

 

  • It includes every relationship which established among the people.
  • There can be more than one community in a society. Community smaller than society.
  • It is a network of social relationships which cannot see or touched.
  • common interests and common objectives are not necessary for society.
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Questions and Answers

Blood circulation in humans is carried out in several steps. Firstly, the oxygenated blood pumped out from the left ventricle is carried by aorta which is branched into different arteries. Arteries are further divided into arterioles and capillaries which supply blood to all tissues and organs. The de-oxygenated blood moves to the heart through capillaries, which then unite to form veins. Impure blood is carried back to the right auricle through superior and inferior vena cava. In the contraction of auricles, the impure blood goes to the right ventricle via the tricuspid valve and is pumped out to lungs for oxygenation by right auricle. Lungs provide oxygen to the blood in exchange of carbon dioxide present in deoxygenated blood. The purified blood is then carried to the left auricle by the pulmonary veins. As the left auricle contracts, the blood passes to the left ventricle via bicuspid valve and it pumps the blood out of the heart via the aorta and is distributed to tissues and organs.

Blood cells are divided into three types.They are; RedBlood Cells (R.B.C) White Blood Cells (W.B.C), Platelets.

  1. Red Blood Cells: R.B.C are binocave, in nucleated cells which give red color to the blood. It contains an iron pigment called Haemoglobin which is responsible for the transformation of oxygen. They are formed in bone marrow and aredestroyed in liver and spleen. It is also called erythrocytes.
  2. White Blood Cells: W.B.C are also known as the microscopic army of our body which fight against germs and protect us from diseases.They are colorless and larger than RBCs. They are produced in bone marrow and lymph glands. Their lifespan is just about a week. If WBCs increase abnormally and in uncontrolled manner, it is named as Leukemia(Blood Cancer).
  3. Platelets: Platelets are the smallest blood cells. They are produced in bone marrow and are responsible for clotting of blood from cuts and wounds. They are also called thrombocytes. Their lifespan is of few days.

Blood is a fluid connective tissue which is red in color, alkaline in nature and salty in taste. It consists of 45% of blood cells and 55% of plasma.

The functions of circulatory system are as follows:

  1. It transports the nutrients obtained from the food we ingest.
  2. Waste products are transported to the excretory organs by means of blood circulation.
  3. It carries oxygen to all our cells.

Deficiency of iron hampers the production of haemoglobin.

The main veins is called vena cava.Its types are: superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.

HUMAN HEART
HUMAN HEART

Respiration is the process of releasing energy from the food we eat with the help of oxygen.

The process of respiration in human beings involves two processes. First we take in the oxygen from the atmosphere and the process is called breathing. That oxygen reaches every part of our body (every cell) and inside the cells chemical breakdown of the food (we eat) takes place, in presence of oxygen. In that process, energy and carbon dioxide are liberated. Energy is used by our body to carry out activities and carbon dioxide is thrown out of the body by breathing.

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