Subject: Health and Physical Education
Water is a necessary element for living organisms to survive. Consumption of impure water causes various diseases.
Water needs to be boiled for 10-15 minute to make it drinkable. It is not good to heat the water to lukewarm and drink it because this does not destroy germs properly. Boiled water should be kept in a clean pot and covered.
If water is left still in a container for a long period of time then solid dirt settles to the bottom. This solid is known as sediments. This process of settling dirt to the bottom is called sedimentation. If water is poured out with the help of a glass rod as shown in the picture. Then we can seperate solid dirt from the clean water.
Germs in the water are responsible for spreading of cholera, dysentery, typhoid and jaundice. To protect ourselves from germs and other harmful organisms we need to add a chemical called chlorine in the water. This kills all the germs and purifies the water. Pregnant women should not drink this water. If chlorine is added in large quantity, it becomes poisonous. Therefore, this purification of water needs to be done carefully.
Solar water disinfection system also known as SODIS is a method of water purification that uses solar energy to make biologically-contaminated (e.g. bacteria, viruses, protozoa and worms) water safe to drink. If the water is contaminated with non-biological factors such as toxic chemicals or heavy metals, then it requires further steps to make the water safer.
There are three ways of SODIS:
Water contaminated with solid dirt can be filtered using filter paper. Following are the methods of filtration of water.
Water filter could filter the water easily. This water filter has two containers. Filter candles are attached in the upper container. When water is kept in a container, water slowly gets filtered through this and drops down to the lower container. The water tap is attached to the lower container. From this tap, it is possible to open it and take the necessary amount of water for drinking.
An empty container is kept at the bottom and a second container is filled with pebbles and kept on the top of the first container. The third container filled with sand is kept on the top of the second one. At the top, a container filled with water is kept.The three containers on the top have small holes at the base through which water slowly gets filtered and stored in the bottom container. This container must be cleaned time to time. This filtration method can also be done according to the figure shown.
For the proper use of water unnecessary wastage of other water sources can also be used properly. Remaining water from the washing utensils, washing clothes, kitchen and other household works could be used for kitchen garden and gardening at home. In monsoon the rain water, which is dropped from the roof, could be collected for the use of different works.
How is water polluted?
Water is polluted because of unwise activities of humans like throwing garbages and sewages in water sources, performing their daily routine like washing and cleaning in water resources etc.
What are the effects of water pollution on human health?
The effects of water pollution are:
How can we make water safe for drinking?
We can make water safe for drinking by following ways:
Water needs to be boiled for 10- 15 min to make it drinkable. It is not good to heat the water to lukewarm and drink it as well as. This does not destroy germs properly boiled water should be kept in a clean pot and cover it.
If water is left still in a container for a long period of time then solid dirt settles to the bottom. This solid is known as sediments. This process of settling dirt to the bottom is called sedimentation. If water is poured out with the help of a glass rod as shown in the picture. Then we can solid dirt from the clean water.
Germs in the water are responsible for spreading of cholera, dysentery, typhoid and jaundice. To protect ourselves from germs and other harmful organisms we need to add a chemical called chlorine in the water. This kills all the germs and purifies the water. Pregnant women should not drink this water. If chlorine is added at large quantity, it becomes poisonous. Therefore, this purification of water needs to be done carefully.
Solar water disinfection also known as SODIS is a method of water purification that uses solar energy to make biologically-contaminated (e.g. bacteria, viruses, protozoa and worms) water safe to drink. If the water is contaminated with non-biological factors such as toxic chemicals or heavy metals, then it requires more steps to make the water safer.
List out the different ways of SODIS method for the purification of water.
Different ways of SODIS method for the purification of water are as follow;
Describe the process of filtering water mixed with gravel and sand.
An empty container is kept at the bottom and a second container is filled with pebbles is kept on the top of the first container. The third container filled with sand is kept on the top of the second one. At the top, a container filled with water is kept.The three containers on the top have small holes at the base through which water slowly gets filtered and stored in the bottom container. This container must be cleaned time to time.
What is sedimentation?
If water is left still in a container for a long period of time then solid dirt settles to the bottom. This solid is known as sediments. This process of settling dirt to the bottom is called sedimentation.
What is SODIS method of water purification?
SODIS is a method of water purification that uses solar energy to make biologically-contaminated (e.g. bacteria, viruses, protozoa and worms) water safe to drink.
What is sedimentation?
If water is left still in a container for a long period of time then solid dirt settles to the bottom. This solid is known as sediments. This process of settling dirt to the bottom is called sedimentation.
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