## Elements of QBASIC programming

Subject: Computer

#### Overview

To construct the QBASIC program, we have to arrange some standard elements. This note provides an information about elements of QBASIC programming.
##### Elements of QBASIC programming

To construct the QBASIC program, we have to arrange some standard elements.The elements used in Qbasic are as follows:

• Character set
• Variables
• Constants
• Operator and Operands
• Expression
• Statements

#### Character Set

QBASIC has the character set consisting of the following elements:

1. Alphabets: A, B, C,....Z
2. Digits: 0, 1, 2........,9 and

#### Expression

An expression can be a string, or numeric constant, a variable or a combination of constants, variables with operators which returns a single value.

#### Operands

Operands are the data or variables on which mathematical, logical and string operations take place.

#### Operators

Operators are the symbols, which are used in arithmetic operations, logical expressions, and string expressions.

#### Statements

A statement is a set of instructions written using keywords or commands of QBASIC. Every programming language uses keywords as a statement with certain syntax.
##### Things to remember
• To construct the QBASIC program, we have to arrange some standard elements.
• A quantity in a computer program which does not change its value during the execution of the program is called a constant.
• The quantity which may change its values during the execution of the program is called a variable.
• A numeric variable can assume numeric value and is represented by an alphabet or an alphabet followed by another alphabet or digit.
• It includes every relationship which established among the people.
• There can be more than one community in a society. Community smaller than society.
• It is a network of social relationships which cannot see or touched.
• common interests and common objectives are not necessary for society.
##### Variables And Data Types in Qbasic

A quantity in a computer program which does not change its value during the execution of the program is called a constant and the quantity which may change its values during the execution of the program is called variable. QBASIC allows the following constants:

• Numeric constant
• String constant

Numeric constant is one that is formed by a sequence of digits 0, 1, 2,.....9 and may include a decimal point. A numeric constant known as number may be integer or a real number. 383, +57, 0, -6.2 and 6.15E4 are valid numeric constants. The number 6.15E4, in fact represent 6.15 * 104. The notation E is used to represent exponential form. The number after E is the exponent which can be positive or negative. However, its length cannot exceed two digits.

In QBASIC, variables are also of two types:

• Numeric variable
• String variable

Numeric variable

Numeric variable can assume numeric value and is represented by an alphabet or an alphabet followed by another alphabet or digit. For example A, C, A2, ABC, A6 etc. represent numeric variables. A string variable is represented by an alphabet followed by dollar ($) sign. It should be kept in mind that while constructing the string variable, dollar ($) should be the last character. For example: B1$, NAME$, BOOK1\$, etc are valid string variables.

The elements used in Qbasic are as follows:

• Character set
• Variables
• Constants
• Operator and Operands
• Expression
• Statements

A statement is a set of instructions written using keywords or commands of QBASIC.

Operators are the symbols, which are used in arithmetic operations, logical expressions and string expressions.

Operands are the data or variables on which mathematical, logical and string operations take place.