Safety Education And First Aid

Introduction to Safety Education

The important guidelines, rules and precautions which help to avoid the probable accident are called safety education. We should be careful while performing any task because it may cause an accident also. Here, an accident may cause not only our carelessness but it may cause because of other carelessness also. We can not predict when, where an accident takes place so we should know the safety education and its measures. Some safety measure is given they are:

• We should always walk from footpath if there is no footpath then walk from the left edge of the road.
• While crossing a road ,always walk from a zebra crossing.
• Dangerous objects should be kept far from children where they can not reach easily eg; medicines, matchstick, fire, weapons and sharp tools etc.
• We should not play on the road.
• Children should be kept far from the electric device, we should be operated only with dry hands.
• We should play in open places or playground but it must be free from any ditches, glass pieces, stones, metals etc.
• We should not play in a classroom.

First Aid and its Importance

First aid is immediate treatment given to the injured person until the proper medical is reached. We can not predict that accident and injuries can occur anywhere anytime. In case an accident happens in front of you, we should not stand and stare nervously at a victim. Instead of that, we need to help them by providing first aid. The first aider must know whether a person is dead or alive. If a victim is alive and you don't have a proper knowledge, then contact a doctor and obtain instructions of first aid to reduce the injury, stopping of bleeding, treatment of the shock, clean the wound. You should be careful while providing first aid because you are saving the life of a victim. So, first aid is very necessary for a victim. Some objectives of first aid are mention below:

• The main objective of first aid is to save the life of a victim.
• It helps to control the bleeding.
• It helps to treat minor injuries like cuts, bites, burns, wound etc.
• It also helps to reduce the pain and further treatment becomes easy.
• It aims to take victims to the hospital in time.
• It helps to provide the fact of victims to the medical person.
• It helps to control the crowd or noise of other people around the patient.

First Aid and Safety Measures

1. Burns

Burns are caused by exposure to fire,acids, stoves, hot liquids,hot metals, electric short circuit etc. Especially, burns accident takes place at households. It is extremely painful. They cause the damage of tissues and loss of body fluids. Around the burn, parts swelling and blisters may develop. The infection of burnt part is very serious one.

a) Safety Measures

• Children should be kept far from the fire and dangerous objects like matchsticks, lighter, fire etc.
• To burn fire crackers children should take help from their parents.
• Electric irons and heaters should be operated carefully.
• Very hot drinks should not be given to children.
• The gas cylinder and stove should be kept at a proper distance.

b) First Aid

1. Wash the burnt part of the body with cold and clean water.
2. The blisters should not be burst if they have developed.
3. The patients should be provided adequate liquid drinks.
4. In the burnt part we can use aloe vera or tomato to cool down.
5. The patient should take hospital if the burn is severe.

A. Foreign Bodies Stuck in Eyes

If any foreign material enters into your eyes don't rub it. Pull the eyelids outwards if there are any objects in the eye. With the help of soft and clean cloth remove the object if you see or open and close the eyes for about three times in the water. If the object is not removed then consult the doctor.

a) Safety Measures

• We must be careful while cleaning of dust or sweeping the floor.
• We should be far from pointed and sharp objects because it may affect our eyes.
• Safety goggles must be worn while swimming.
• Sunglasses must be used while driving bikes, traveling etc.
• Safety goggles must wear people who work at metal and grill factories.

b) First Aid

1. Stop rubbing eyes.
2. Use a soft and clean cloth to remove the object.
3. Splash with clean water if any chemicals or acids get into the eyes.
4. Consult the doctor if the object is not removed.

B. Foreign Bodies stuck in the Ears

a) Safety Measures

• Do not enter pointed and sharp objects into your ears because it may damage your ear drum.
• Do not use needles, stalks, pencils, etc to clean your ears.
• Stay far from insects that may enter into your ears.

b) First Aid

1. Use a bud to clean your ears.
2. Use a mustard oil if an insect has entered into the ear.The insect will float in the oil so that it will be easy to remove.
3. Rush the patient into the hospital if the attempts are not successful.

C.Foreign Bodies Stuck in the Nose

Small objects and insects may enter into our nose while our work or play. As the nose is a delicate sense organ, caution is necessary while removing the foreign bodies.

a) Safety Measures

• Never enters pencils, peas, marbles etc into the nose.
• Do not poke the nose with fingers and any smooth materials.
• Do not take a smell of anythings by taking things close to the nose.
• Use a mask while moving in and in a polluted area.

b) First Aid

1. Never remove the object forcefully. It may be pushed more inside which complicate the things.
2. Insert dry grass or thinly rolled paper into your nose which helps to get a sneeze.
3. Rush the patient into the hospital if the attempts are not successful.

D.Foreign Bodies Stuck in the Throat

a) Safety Measures

• Do not speak during the eating time because accidentally food may enter into the windpipe.
• Be aware while eating bone-stuffed meat or fish.
• Do not give to play coins, marbles etc to children by keeping them in a mouth.

b) First Aid

1. The victim should be kept in a comfortable position.
2. Lowering the head of a victim try to hit lightly at the back.
3. To induce vomiting insert two fingers in the mouth of victims.
4. Rush the patient into the hospital if the attempts are not successful.

Heat Stroke

The condition of unconsciousness caused by very high temperature or hot air because of which the body can not regulate the temperature is called Heat stroke. In summer days people suffer from heat stroke in tropical regions like the terai in our country. If it is not treated on time the heat stroke can take the lives of people.

a) Safety Measures

• During the mid days stay inside the room to be safer.
• During the hot summer days walk in the morning and evening.
• Wear thin cotton clothes in a summer days.
• To safe from the direct sun use an umbrella to save your body.
• Drink plenty of cold water, juice like orange juice, sugarcane, before walking during hot summer days.

b) First Aid

1. Rush the patient to a cooler place.
2. Wipe the forehead and neck with a cloth soaked in cold water.
3. Cold water can be given if the victim is conscious.
4. For sometimes let the patient have rest.
5. Rush the patient into the hospital if the attempts are not successful.

Frost Bite

An injury which is caused to the skin and deeper tissues of the body due to a formation of extremely cold climate or freezing temperature is called frostbite. This condition mostly common over the Himalayan region of our country. Frostbite is caused when the exposed parts of the body become frozen due to a very cold temperature of the surrounding.

a) Safety Measures

• In extremely cold weather does not expose any part of a body.
• Use woolen socks, gloves, hat, and thick shoes if you have to walk during cold days.
• Avoid playing with bare hands and feet in the snow.
• To increase the temperature of room use heaters, fire, air conditioners etc.

b) First Aid

1. A victim should cover the injured area with warm clothes.
2. Avoid various massage on the affected area.
3. Avoid immediate heating by fire or heater.
4. Rush the patient into the hospital.