Subject: Compulsory Maths
Octahedron
Tetrahedron
Cube
Following are the table to know about the number of vertices , edges and faces of some regular polyhedrons :
Regular polyhedron | No. of vertices(V) | No.of edges (E) | No. of face (F) | F + V-E |
Tetrahedron | 4 | 6 | 4 | 4+4-6=2 |
Hexahedron | 8 | 12 | 6 | 6+8-12=2 |
Octahedron | 6 | 12 | 8 | 8+6-12=2 |
In any regular polyhedron , F+V-E =2 is true. This rule was developed by Swiss Mathematician Euler. It is called Euler's rule.
Cone :
Cylinder
A rectangular block is 18 cm long, 12 cm broad and 8 cm thick. Find its surface area and volume.
Solution:
Here,
the length of the block (l) = 18 cm
breadth of the block (b) = 12 cm
thickness of the block (h) = 8 cm
Now,
the surface area of the block = 2 (l b + bh + l h)
= 2 (18 × 12 + 12 × 8 + 18 × 8) cm2
= 2 (216 + 96 + 144) cm2
= 912 cm2
Again,
Volume of the block = l × b × h
= 18 cm × 12 cm × 8 cm
= 1728 cm3
∴ The volume of the block is 1728 cm3
The volume of a rectangular box is 1600 cm3 and its height is 5 cm. If it is placed on a table, find the area covered by it on the table.
Solution:
Here,
Volume of the box (V) = 1600 cm3
height of the box = 5 cm
Now,
Volume of the box = Area of its base × height
∴ Area of its base × 5 = 1600
or, Area of its base × height = 1600
or, Area of its base = \(\frac{1600}{5}\)
or, Area of its base = 320 cm2
So, its base covers an area of 320 cm2 on the table.
If the surface area of a cubic block is 96 cm2, find the length of its each edge.
Solution:
Here,
the surface area of the cubic block = 96 cm2
or, 6 l2 = 96 cm2
or, l2 = \(\frac{96}{6}\) cm2
or, l2 = 16 cm2
or, l = \(\sqrt{16 cm^2}\)
or, l = 4 cm
∴ The length of its each edge is 4 cm.
A cubical room contains 512 cu. m of air. Find the length of its floor.
Solution:
Here,
Volume of the cubical room = Volume of air
∴ Volume of the cubical room = 512 m3
or, l3 = 512 m3
or, l = \(\sqrt[3]{512 m^3}\)
or, l = 8 m
So, the length of its floor is 8 m.
A cuboid is twice as long its breath and it is 6 cm high. If its volume is 768 cm3, find its length, breadth and surface area.
Solution:
Let, the breadth of the cuboid be x cm.
∴ The length of the cuboid will be 2x cm.
Now,
Volume of the cuboid = 768 cm3
or, l × b × h = 768 cm3
or, 2x × x × 6 cm = 768 cm3
or, 2x2 = \(\frac{768 cm^3}{2}\)
or, 2x2 = 128 cm2
or, x2 = \(\frac{128}{2}\) cm2
or, x2 = 64 cm2
or, x = \(\sqrt{64 cm^2}\)
or, x = 8 cm
So, the breadth (b) = x = 8 cm and the length (l) = 2x
= 2 × 8 cm
= 16 cm
Again,
The surface area of the cuboid = 2 (l b + bh + l h)
= 2 (16×8 + 8×6 + 16×6) cm2
= 2 (128 + 48 + 96) cm2
= 2 × 272 cm2
= 544 cm2
∴ The surface area of the cuboid is 544 cm2
A rectangular metallic block is 16 cm long, 8 cm broad and 4 cm thick. If it is melted and converted into a cube , find the surface area of the cube.
Solution:
length of the block (l) = 6 cm
breadth of the block (b) = 8 cm
thickness of the block (h) = 4 cm
Now,
Volume of the block = l × b × h
= 16 cm × 8 cm × 4 cm
= 512 cm3
volume of the cube = volume of the block
or, l3 = 512 cm3
or, l = \(\sqrt[3]{512 cm^3}\)
or, l = 8 cm
Again,
the surface area of the cube = 6 l2
= 6 × (8 cm)2
= 384 cm2
A rectangular box completely filled with milk powder is 24 cm long, 12 cm broad 16 cm high. How many cubical boxes of length 8 cm are required to empty the milk powder from the box?
Solution:
Here,
length of the rectangular box (l) = 24 cm
breadth of the rectangular box (b) = 12 cm
height of the rectangular box (h) = 16 cm
∴ Volume of the rectangular box = l × b × h
= ( 24 × 12 × 16) cm3
= 4608 cm3
Also,
volume of milk powder = volume of the box = 4608 cm3
Again,
volume of each cubical box = (8 cm)3 = 512 cm3
Now,
the required number of cubical boxes = \(\frac{volume \; of \; milk \; powder}{volume \; of \; each \; cubical \; box}\)
= \(\frac{4608}{512}\)
= 9
So, 9 cubical boxes are required to empty the milk powder from the box.
The area of the base of a rectangular water tank is 30,000 cm2. Find the height of the water level when there is 3000 litres of water in the tank. (1 l = 1000 cm3)
Solution:
Here,
the volume of water = 3000 l
= 3000 × 1000 cm3
Now,
the volume of the part of the tank containing water = volume of water
or, Area of its base × height = 3000 × 1000 cm3
or, 30,000 cm2 × h = 3000 × 1000 cm3
or, h = \(\frac{3000 × 1000 cm^3}{30,000 cm^2}\)
or, h = 100 cm
So, the required height of water level in the tank is 100 cm (or 1 m).
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