Organizing is a process of maintaining the flow of work and information and grouping of activities, identification of authority and responsibility of employees in the organization. Various steps of organizing process are as follows:

1. Determination of objectives: In the first step of organizing process, the objective of the enterprises is to be determined. This determination of objective is the basic of organizing a process of the enterprise. It is essential to determine the objective of the organization as a whole. 
   
   
2. Identification of activities: The next step in organizing is to identify and determine the activities to be performed in order to achieve the goals. The activities should be identified considering the present and changing environment. Activities may be related to production, purchase, sale, human resource, research, and development.
   
   
3. Grouping Activities: After identifying the necessary activities closely related and similar activities are grouped into division and departments. The act of grouping of activities is called departmentation. Activities may be grouped on different bases like Functions, product, territories, customers, etc.
   
   
4. Allocation of duties and responsibility: When the activities are grouped into different departments, the next step in organizing the process, is assigned duties and responsibility to the persons. The duties and responsibility must be assigned according to the ability, skill, qualification and knowledge of the staff. 
   
   
5. A delegation of Authority:  Under the organizing process, the top level management should delegate authority to lower level management. While delegating authority, the responsibility should be delegated too otherwise, it will be meaningless. So, the authority and responsibility should be balanced.
   
   
6. Coordination: In the last step of organizing the process, coordination is given a due emphasis. For the successful operation of any organization, there should be proper and effective coordination between the activities and efforts of various departments.

Line organizational structure is the simplest and oldest forms of organizational structure. It is also known as a military organization because it is developed by the military. The line of authority flows vertically from top most executive to the lowest subordinates. It means order and instructions, communication, etc . flows upward to the manager. In this structure, there is direct lineup authority from top to bottom level though unbroken chain. It has a good working relationship between superior to subordinate level, i.e. from top to bottom. The principle of unity of command, scalar chain, a span of control, etc is strictly followed in this structure. The authority responsibility is clearly established. All managers in line organization have full authority to decide things and act with respect to their related functions. In this organization, every employee knows to whom he/she is responsible and from whom they receive their orders.shown:

Line and staff organizational structure is the next type of organizational structure. It is an extended form of line organizational structure. In such organization, there is line authority and staff authority. It means the line manager and staff manager both is involved in performing the managerial activity. According to this administrative organization, specialized and supportive activities are attached to the line of command by appointing staff supervisors and staff specialists who are attached to the line authority. The division of work and specialization takes place in line and staff organization. The whole organization is divided into different functional areas to which staff specialist are attached. 

The functional staffs are responsible for preparation of plan while line authorities are responsible for implementation of the prepared plan. Functional staffs are involved in only advisory work and have no authority to give action to the line manager and subordinates. Following is the diagram of line and staff organizational structure:

• Optimum utilization of human resources: A good organization utilizes the human resources properly. It places the right person in the right jobs in the right position and department. This helps an organization to make efficient use of human talents and efforts.

• Effective and efficient administration: Organization defines the various activities and authority relationship in the organizational structure. A sound organization defines authority-responsibility relationships clearly. It facilitates day to day administration by creating an orderly network of jobs, sections, and other working units.

• Facilitates growth and diversification: A sound and effective organization contributes to the growth and diversification of the enterprise through the effective management. It is always accepted as truth that sound organization helps the management to implement decentralization, through which management can enhance its strength and then become large in its shape and size.

• Provides optimum use of new technology: A sound organization is always flexible. As it is so, it has a capacity for absorbing changes in the environment. Hence, according to the situation and on the demand, it helps and let the management for the proper and optimum use of technological improvement.

• Effective coordination and communication: It is only the organization of enterprise, which maintain coordination and establish communication among various departments and individual, along with a different level of the staffs.It creates a channel of communication. It makes communication  easier and thus supports decision-making and control.

• Training and development: A sound and effective organizing function offers a good scope for the development of managerial ability and competency by providing training. It also helps the management to improve competency through proper delegation of authority.

• Productivity and job satisfaction: A sound organizational structure is based on democratic and participative management. It helps to maintain a logical flow of work activities. It helps individual and works groups to easily accomplish their tasks which provide job satisfaction and leads to higher productivity in the organization.

The process of identifying and grouping of the work that needs to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility and authority to make the different people work together to accomplish the organizational objectives is said to be an organizing process. It can be summarized as:

• Identification of organization activities
• Grouping activities according to their nature
• Assigning tasks to employees
• Delegation of authority to perform the delegated work

Merits of Line Organisation Structure

1. Quick Decision
   The decision making authority is with the top level management in the line organization structure. They can make the decision immediately in times of need.
2. Simple
   The line organization structure is simple and easy to understand. Everyone is clear about their authority and responsibility.
3. Economy
   The line organization structure is economical as compared to others. It does not need the team of experts to make the decisions so it is economical.
4. Maintain Discipline
   In the line organization structure, the employees should follow the order of top-level management without any questions. So, proper discipline can be maintained in the organization.
5. Fixation of Responsibility
   The managers are responsible to make an organizational structure. Every employee has fixed responsibility and authority. They are responsible for the responsibility given to them.

However, some of the benefits of the line organization structure include effective management, flexibility in operation, etc.

Demerits of Line Organization Structure

1. Lack of Specialization
   All the decisions are taken by the top level managers. They need to be involved in different types of works at once, so it lacks specialization in one work.
2. Overloaded Task
   A manager needs to handle different types of work such as planning, organizing, implementation, and control. So, all the works need to be done at once which creates workload in the managers.
3. Autocratic Leadership
   The line organization structure lacks delegation of authority to subordinates. The subordinates are bound to follow the instruction of superior which creates dissatisfaction, weak moral and frustration in them that ultimately decreases the productivity of the organization.
4. Lack of Stability
   As the line organization structure lacks delegation of authority, the subordinates are exposed to a limited area that does not let their creativity and knowledge to put forward. It results in a high turnover of employees in the line organization structure.
5. Unsuitable in Present Business Environment
   The line organization structure is not suitable in the present global business environment. Moreover, it becomes difficult for a single manager to manage all the functions of the organization without the delegation of their authority and workload.