Subject: EPH
Some diseases caused by malnutrition are marasmus, kwashiorkor, anaemia, night blindness, scurvy, rickets and goitre.
Marasmus is protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). It makes people lean and thin because of the lack of enough food and essential nutrients (both carbohydrates and protein) for a long time. The skin of children wrinkles due to the loss of fat.
Symptoms
Kwashiorkor is a disease caused by the deficiency of protein. Children are mainly suffered from it who lack enough protein after terminating the breast-feeding. It is called kwashiorkor because the term kwashiorkor denotes the disease of children removed from the lap of the mother.
Symptoms
Prevention of Marasmus and Kwashiorkor
Lack of haemoglobin and red blood cells (RBC) causes anaemia. Mostly, children and pregnant women suffer from it. Lack of iron and vitamin in the food as well as worms like hookworm and roundworm can also cause it.
Symptoms
Preventive Measures
Lack of vitamin A causes night blindness. If the mother lacks vitamin A in her food during her pregnancy, her child also suffers from this disease. Mainly, under 5 years old children and pregnant woman suffer from this disease.
Symptoms
Preventive measures
Scurvy is a disease caused by the deficiency of vitamin C. People of any age can suffer from this disease. This disease mainly affects on gum and cause inflammation and bleeding.
Symptoms
Preventive measures
Deficiency of vitamin D in our food leads to rickets, which mainly suffers small children between the age of 6 months and two years. When the body lacks vitamin D, it cannot absorb the calcium and phosphorus which are necessary for the growth and development of bones and teeth.
Symptoms
Preventive measures
Goitre is an unnecessary growth of thyroid gland, which appears in the neck. When our food lacks iodine, the gland enlarges to produce necessary thyroxin. As a result, neck grows large.
Symptoms
Preventive measures
Unhygienic food is that which contains much sugar, salt, fat and oil, inedible chemicals. They cause the increase in the level of sugar and fat in the blood, fatness, high blood pressure, heart attacks, strokes, cancer, diabetes, etc.
According to WHO, if we can increase the fruit and green vegetables on our food, 19 % of stomach and colon cancer can be controlled. Similarly, 31% heart diseases and 11% strokes can be prevented. The number of non-communicable diseases certainly increases in Nepal because of excessive production and use of unhygienic foods like noodles, Kurkure, biscuits, chocolates, etc.
Rickets is caused due to lack of vitamin-D, calcium and phosphorus in our body.
Night blindness is caused due to the lack of vitamin A.
Anemia is the condition of health in which there are few red blood cells in our body, caused by lack of iron.
The use of vegetables and fruits that are rich in iron and folic acid is the main method of prevent anemia.
Marasmus is protein-energy malnutrition. This is caused in children due to acute shortage of essential carbohydrate and protein. Kwashiorkor is caused in children deposed from mother's milk due to acute shortage of protein.
Symptoms:
Marasmus
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